SDE vs. EBITDA Multiples?

searcher profile

November 12, 2025

by a searcher from Brown University in New York, NY, USA

I’m trying to clarify how valuation multiples are usually applied in small business acquisitions versus larger, PE-backed deals. My current understanding is that in "smaller" deals, sellers and brokers often quote valuation multiples based on SDE (i.e., EBITDA plus the owner’s salary and personal add-backs). However, when it comes time to actually sell or model out returns, do buyers and investors (especially private equity) continue to use SDE, or do they shift to a true EBITDA basis, with a market-rate owner salary baked in as an expense? Also curious if anyone has a sense of around what size or threshold buyers typically shift from valuing on SDE to valuing on EBITDA.
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commentor profile
Reply by a lender
from California State University, Sacramento in Seattle, WA, USA
Banks are going to use adjusted cashflow for DSC purposes. Adjustments will include such things your go forward salary needs (what you actually need to take to meet your personal living and debt obligations), maintenance cap ex, rent if paying under market and/or the landlord will increase yours, and you might need to back out addbacks that you're not going to accept. I don't care what you call it. :)
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Reply by a searcher
from University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC, Canada
Not a huge difference between the two. SDE is essentially cashflow available to the owner before taking their own salary. The multiples that are relevant for each generally get adjusted for the difference. So for example, SDE is going to trade at lower multiple than EBITDA if those two numbers are close for the business.
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